Quercus phellos (Willow Oak)


Michael's Opinion

An unusual oak with thin, lanceolate leaves very similar to Salix hence its common name. It does produce a fair amount of tough leaf litter and thus is not suited to all landscape applications. However, where room permits and litter is tolerated this fast growing plant can be a valuable addition to the landscape.

Botanical Information

FamilyFagaceae
GenusQuercus
Speciesphellos
CategoryWoody
TypeTree (deciduous), Tree (evergreen)
OriginSoutheastern United States of America.
Pronunciation

Details

USDA Hardiness Zone6 - 9
USDA Hardiness Ref.
Canadian Hardiness Zone5a
Canada Hardiness Ref.
RHS Hardiness ZoneH7 - H3
RHS Hardiness Ref.
Temperature (°C)(-21) - (-1)
Temperature (°F)(-5) - 30
Height15-20 m
Spread10-15 m
GrowthFast
Flowering PeriodMay

Description and Growing Information

General DescriptionA large tree, generally used as a street tree or in parks for shade. With its pyramidal shape in its youth and rounded canopy in middle/old age this tree is ideally suited to large, open spaces. This species has been placed on the IUCN Red List as least concern.
ID CharacteristicIt is known for its lanceolate, pinnate leaves, rounded pyramidal shape, fast growth, and buds with many scales.
ShapeA rounded to pyramidal crown.
PropagationStratify seed at 5°C in damp moist conditions for 60-90 days.
CultivationFull sun, drought and salt tolerant. Grows best in deep non-compacted silt or loamy granular soils.
PestsNone serious but mites or scale are possible.
Notable SpecimensStourhead Gardens, Wiltshire, United Kingdom.
HabitatFloodplains and adjacent slopes at an altitude of 0-400 m.
Bark/Stem DescriptionThe bark is smooth on younger trees and smaller branches, but matures to become ridged and defined.
Flower/Leaf Bud DescriptionCovered with more scales then usual, clustered circular buds on the ends of branches.
Leaf DescriptionA simple, lanceolate leaf with pinnate venation, alternately arranged. The leaf is 8-16 cm long and 4-8 cm wide, and a dark green in colour.
Flower DescriptionYellow, turning brown, pendulous, 2-6 cm in length.
Fruit DescriptionOval or round shaped with a dry, hard covering, attracts birds, squirrels and other animals, produces a lot of litter.
Colour DescriptionBrown/grey bark, with a green leaf turning to yellow in autumn. The blooms are yellow turning to a brown upon maturity.
Texture DescriptionFine leaf and bark texture.

Photographs