Pinus albicaulis (Whitebark Pine)


Michael's Opinion

This is an uncommon 5 needle pine with attractive smooth bark. Whitebark Pine attracts many different wildlife species and if grown in lower elevations it can attain commercial dimensions.

Botanical Information

FamilyPinaceae
GenusPinus
Speciesalbicaulis
CategoryWoody
TypeTree (evergreen)
OriginThe Whitebark Pine is Alberta's only stone pine (closed cone) and has a mutually beneficial relationship with Clark's Nutcracker which it depends upon for its survival.
Ethnobotanical Uses
Disclaimer
The wood has limited use from natural plantations since it is derived from twisted , short trunks. Where it is grown in commercial plantations the wood may be harvested for lumber.
Pronunciation

Details

USDA Hardiness Zone3 - 5
USDA Hardiness Ref.
Canadian Hardiness Zone1a - 6a
Canada Hardiness Ref.
RHS Hardiness ZoneH7
RHS Hardiness Ref.
Temperature (°C)-40 - (-26)
Temperature (°F)-40 - (-15)
Height10 - 25 m
GrowthSlow
Flowering PeriodJune

Description and Growing Information

General DescriptionSlow growing long lived tree.
ID CharacteristicNeedles in fascicles of 5 with globular cones and very distinctive scaly, brown, plated bark on older trees.
ShapeWhite bark pine has a rapidly spreading, broad rounded to irregular crown.
LandscapeUse as a shade tree, windbreak or an accent tree.
PropagationStratify seeds by soaking in water for 1 - 2 days then place in a moist medium at 1 - 5 °C for 90 to 120 days.
PestsWhite Pine Blister Rust and Mountain Pine Beetle . The plant is considered a species at risk in part due to the above but also because fire and climate change.
Notable SpecimensJasper National Park, Jasper, Alberta, Canada.
HabitatThe mountains of the Western United States and Canada found growing at the treeline.
Bark/Stem DescriptionYoung growth has thin, smooth chalky white bark, while the bark on older trees is comprised of scaly brown plates.
Flower/Leaf Bud DescriptionOvoid, light red-brown 0.8-1 cm.
Leaf DescriptionThe needles are 3 -9 cm long in fasicals of 5, slightly curved, stiff blueish-green in colour and clumped near the end of the branches.
Flower DescriptionFemale strobili and cones form at the ends of the branches, while the red male strobili and pollen form throughout the crown on the current year's growth.
Fruit Description3-8 cm, globular, cones that grow 90° to the branches. The cones remain closed, seeds are released when the cone decays. Seeds are 1 cm long.
Colour DescriptionLeaves are blueish-green, whitish grey bark, and dark purple juvenile cones turning brown as they age. Buds are redish brown.
Texture DescriptionSmooth bark.

Photographs