Acer saccharum subsp. nigrum (Black Maple)


Michael's Opinion

An A+ species, and an Ontario native at that. This tree needs room to spread its regal form and be admired from a distance. It is one of the top ten natives in my books for autumn colour. It is a class tree! Michael Dirr rates this tree as having one of the worst Autumn colurs, maybe that is because he has not seen them in Ontario in the autumn.The tree can also be tapped and produces as much syrup as A. saccharum. The wood when used in woodworking projects will be slightly yellow, more so than A. saccharum

Botanical Information

FamilySapindaceae (Aceraceae)
GenusAcer
Speciessaccharum
Subspeciesnigrum
SynonymsAcer nigrum
CategoryWoody
TypeTree (deciduous)
OriginEastern and Central North America.

Details

USDA Hardiness Zone3
USDA Hardiness Ref.
Canadian Hardiness Zone1
Canada Hardiness Ref.
RHS Hardiness ZoneH7
RHS Hardiness Ref.
Temperature (°C)(-40) - (-35)
Temperature (°F)(-40) - (-30)
Height30 m
Spread15 m
GrowthSlow
Flowering PeriodApril

Description and Growing Information

General DescriptionA majestic, large tree, with leaves wilting, giving it the appearance of suffering from the early stages of wilt. Excellent autumn colour. This subspecies has been placed on the IUCN Red List as least concern.
ID CharacteristicOften confused with A. saccharum and for a time was considered a subspecies. Leaves similar to A. saccharum but appear to wilt, the leaf axil is often slightly tomentose. The petiole often has more lenticels than A. saccharum.
ShapeA large somewhat rounded crown.
PropagationSeed stratified at 4C for 4 months. Softwood cuttings in June.
CultivationEasily cultivated on good, well drained loam soils.
PestsSouthwest injury due to its thin bark. I have lost a mature specimen to verticillium wilt, probably due to the roots intertwined with infected Norway Maples. Disinfect all pruning equipment before and during use.
Notable SpecimensThroughout Southern Ontario Forests. The A. M. Cuddy Gardens, Strathroy, Ontario, Canada.
HabitatClimax forests of the Carolinian zone, including Southern Ontario, Canada.
Bark/Stem DescriptionSmooth, medium beige when young. Developing regular, shallow fissures and becoming light grey in colour upon ageing.
Flower/Leaf Bud DescriptionImbricate and pubescent and slightly more swollen than its counterpart A. saccharum
Leaf DescriptionBroadly palmate, opposite, 7-15 cm wide , with a slight droop towards the lobes. The leaf vein axil slightly tomentose. Leaves are usually 3-5 lobed.
Flower DescriptionGreenish, yellow, 3-5 cm long in April-May.
Fruit DescriptionSamara in September-October.
Colour DescriptionExcellent autumn colour, a rich consistent butter yellow.
Texture DescriptionMedium textured.

Photographs