Sambucus canadensis (American Elder)


Michael's Opinion

A common landscape shrub, the American Elder is often used as filler in the borders. If left unpruned it may reach a height of some 3 m. Its large cymes of white flowers in early summer are followed by clusters of dark black berries, suitable for pies, jams and wines etc. Several cultivars enhance its appeal to the horticulturist and designer alike, ‘Sutherland Gold’ a yellow foliaged cultivar and ‘Nigrescens’ a black leafed cultivar are very useful, especially if coppiced annually to reduce their height.

Botanical Information

FamilyAdoxaceae (Caprifoliaceae)
GenusSambucus
Speciescanadensis
CategoryWoody
TypeShrub (deciduous)
OriginNova Scotia and Manitoba to Florida and Texas. Introduced in 1761.
Pronunciation

Details

USDA Hardiness Zone(3)4 - 9
USDA Hardiness Ref.
Canadian Hardiness Zone3
Canada Hardiness Ref.
RHS Hardiness ZoneH7
RHS Hardiness Ref.
Height3 m
Spread2.5 m
GrowthFast
Flowering PeriodJune

Description and Growing Information

General DescriptionA fast growing shrub that flowers in June-July and does well in moist soils. It is excellent for naturalizing or roadside plantings. The flowers contain a volatile oil and are used to produce elderflower water for confectionery and cosmetics.
ShapeUpright, rounded.
LandscapeDifficult to use in home landscape situations because of its unkempt habit. It does well in moist areas and partial shade. Its excellent for a naturalizing effect or roadside plantings.
PropagationSeed, 60 days at 20°C then 90 -150 days at 5°C in moist sand.
PestsBorers, cankers, leaf spots and powdery mildew.
Notable SpecimensThe Cuddy Gardens, Strathroy, Ontario, Canada.
Flower/Leaf Bud DescriptionMultiple or solitary, few scaled, .2 cm long and brown in colour.
Leaf DescriptionLeaves are opposite, usually 7 leaflets, 5-16 cm long, short stalked, oblong, acuminate, slightly puberulous on the veins beneath and dark green in colour.
Flower DescriptionAppealing, visible between June and July and are white-yellow in colour. Borne in 5-rayed cymes, slightly convex, usually quite profuse and cover the entire plant.
Fruit DescriptionBerry-like drupe with multiple pyrenes and is good for jellies, pies, juice, wine and attracting birds.
Colour DescriptionLeaves are yellow-green in autumn and dark green in summer.
Texture DescriptionMedium in foliage and coarse in the winter.

Photographs