Betula nigra (River Birch)


Botanical Information

FamilyBetulaceae
GenusBetula
Speciesnigra
CategoryWoody
TypeTree (deciduous)
OriginUnited States of America.
Pronunciation

Details

USDA Hardiness Zone3b - 9
USDA Hardiness Ref.
Canadian Hardiness Zone3
Canada Hardiness Ref.
RHS Hardiness ZoneH7
RHS Hardiness Ref.
Temperature (°C)-34 - (-40)
Temperature (°F)-30 - (-40)
Height12 - 21 m
Spread9 - 15 m
GrowthMedium
Flowering PeriodMay

Description and Growing Information

General DescriptionAn unusual tree with its distinct exfoliating bark, often seen as a multi-stemmed tree. This tree has been placed on the IUCN Red List as least concern.
ID CharacteristicBrown to deep beige, more vertical exfoliating bark. Uniform exfoliation over the main trunk.
ShapePyramidal to oval in youth. More rounded towards maturity.
LandscapeEstates, parks, golf courses and campuses.
PropagationSoftwood cuttings.
CultivationPlant in full sun to partial shade in moist, well-draining slightly acidic soil.
PestsLeaf spot (cosmetic).
Notable SpecimensThe A. M (Mac) Cuddy Gardens, Strathroy, Ontario, Canada.
Bark/Stem DescriptionBranches 5 cm or greater exfoliate darker revealing a richer colour underneath. Colours vary and are never true to one, shades of gunmetal grey, tawny brown, cinnamon to all of the above mixed together.
Flower/Leaf Bud DescriptionImbricate, small, light chestnut brown.
Leaf DescriptionAlternate, sharp-pointed. Dark green in summer turning yellow in autumn. Leaves drop fast.
Flower DescriptionLong, slender male catkins dark brown in colour that grow to 7.5 cm in length.
Fruit DescriptionSmall nutlets in 25 mm catkins that ripen and shed in the spring.
Colour DescriptionLustrous green foliage in summer turning yellow in the autumn.
Texture DescriptionMedium.

Photographs