Gustavia superba (Membrillo, Heaven Lotus)


Botanical Information

FamilyLecythidaceae
GenusGustavia
Speciessuperba
CategoryTropicals, Woody
TypeTree (deciduous)
ReferencesCroat, T. (1978) Flora of Barro Colorado Island. United States: Stanford University Press. Mori, S., & Kallunki, J. (1976). Phenology and Floral Biology of Gustavia superba ​(Lecythidaceae) in Central Panama. Biotropica, 8(3), 184-192. doi: 10.2307/2989684
OriginPanama, Costa Rica and Northern Colombia.
Ethnobotanical Uses
Disclaimer
Pulp of fruit eaten regularly by the Choco Indians; grown for consumption in the countries of origin. Fruit can be consumed cooked or raw. A decoction of the leaves are used on poison arrows. The wood is sometimes used for construction.

Details

USDA Hardiness Zone11 - 13
USDA Hardiness Ref.
Canadian Hardiness Zonecool season protection under glass.
Canada Hardiness Ref.
RHS Hardiness ZoneH1a - H1c
RHS Hardiness Ref.
Temperature (°C)4 - 21
Temperature (°F)40 - 70
Height6 - 15 m
Spread3 m
GrowthSlow
Flowering PeriodFebruary, March, April, May

Description and Growing Information

General DescriptionA small tropical tree that draws attention with its large unique blooms.
ID CharacteristicHuge leaves. Bark can be scratched to reveal the unpleasant odour of the tree – sometimes referred to as stinkwood.
LandscapeCan be grown as a small tree or shrub, as a specimen or in a large container.
PropagationBy seed.
CultivationRequires a moist, humid environment with an appropriate amount of heat and sunlight.
PestsIguanas eat the leaves of plant. May be susceptible to thrips.
Notable SpecimensFairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Miami, Florida, United States of America. Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore.
Bark/Stem DescriptionBark is light in colour with no prominent ridges. Appears to be smooth with no visible lenticils or rough texture.
Flower/Leaf Bud DescriptionBuds are around 10 - 15 cm in size in a semicircle shape.
Leaf DescriptionOne large cluster of leaves per branch; looks very similar to palms with its large leaf size. Leaves are simple and arranged in an alternate pattern on short petioles. Leaf shape is oblanceolate with the base being much thinner than the apex. Edges are serrate. Pronounced venation on underside of leaves creates slight indentations on upper side where veins occur. Leaves have a general appearance of drooping downwards.
Flower DescriptionFlowers that grow directly off woody branches. They span from 10 - 15 cm with 6 - 9 petals. Stamens curl inwards around the centre of the flower. Sepals are not visible. The flowers are arranged in a corymb form; pedicils vary in length creating a flat head of multiple flowers.
Fruit DescriptionFruit are called chupa, are round in shape and are 10 - 16 cm in size. They have a somewhat flattened bottom. The inside of the fruit is a yellow flesh that Natives compare to avocado. There are around 2 - 20 seeds per fruit. The seeds are relatively large and measure around 3 - 4 cm. It is a pyxidium seed that opens at the top when it is ready to release its seeds.
Colour DescriptionImmature leaves are reddish-brown, but eventually turn a glossy dark green colour when mature. The blooms are a white-cream colour with light pink through, but located mostly around the edges of flower petals. The fruit is green and brown in colour and has an orange fleshy centre. The bark is a neutral grey-brown colour.
Texture DescriptionMedium.

Photographs