| Shape | Broadly pyramidal. |
| Landscape | Excellent specimen tree with outstanding summer and autumn foliage, acceptable tree street, not for heavily populated areas. |
| Propagation | Seed, softwood or semi-ripe wood. |
| Cultivation | Difficult to transplant because of tap root, prefers moist well drained, acid soil, but in the wild it is found on dry mountain ridges and in cold mountain swamps, full sun to semi shade, does not tolerate high pH soils, protect from wind, prune in autumn. |
| Pests | Cankers, leaf spots, rust, tupelo leaf miner and scale, however they are largely problem free. |
| Notable Specimens | Usher Gardens, County Wicklow, Ireland. Royal Horticultural Society, Wisley, Surrey, England. Royal Botanical Gardens, Burlington, Ontario, Canada. |
| Bark/Stem Description | Dark grey to almost black, broken into thick irregular ridges, which are checked across into short segments, making it look like alligator hide, varies from tree to tree. |
| Leaf Description | Alternate, simple, ovate, obovate or elliptic 7.5n- 16 cm long, 3.5 - 7.5 cm wide, |
| Flower Description | Polygamo dioecious, appearing with the leaves,some trees can be wholly male or female, others with sporadic fruit set. |
| Fruit Description | Oblong, drupe, bluish black ripening late September. |
| Colour Description | Lustrous dark green in summer changing to fluorescent yellow to orange in autumn. |
| Texture Description | Medium in leaf and winter. |
