Abies fraseri (Fraser Fir or Balsam Fir)


Botanical Information

FamilyPinaceae
GenusAbies
Speciesfraseri
CategoryWoody
TypeTree (evergreen)
OriginIntroduced to Lees Nursery in Hammersmith, England in 1811 by John Fraser a publisher of botanicals and plant collector who undertook expeditions in Eastern North America after the American revolutionary war.
Pronunciation

Details

USDA Hardiness Zone5
USDA Hardiness Ref.
Canadian Hardiness Zone4-7
Canada Hardiness Ref.
RHS Hardiness ZoneH7
RHS Hardiness Ref.
Temperature (°C)-29 to -23
Temperature (°F)-20 to -10
Height12 m
Spread6 m
GrowthFast

Description and Growing Information

General DescriptionCrowded, dark glossy needles. Fraser Fir has been designated the Cadillac of Christmas Trees; rare in cultivation otherwise.
ID CharacteristicNotable for its crowded needles, rich, luxuriant foliage, and for producing cones while still a young specimen.
ShapePyramidal
LandscapeExcellent evergreen in the right climate but suffers in the hot weather. It has become a favoured Christmas tree in the southern highlands of the United States and is also used in short lived cultivation, such as in Canada.
PropagationSeed. Recommendations vary somewhat but a cold period of 15 - 30 days seems to be beneficial.
CultivationShort-lived and of little ornamental or asthetic value.
HabitatMountains from West Virginia, to Northern Carolina and Tennessee and at elevations of 1600 - 2000 m.
Leaf DescriptionNeedles are crowded, flat, grooved, shiny dark green, with stomates above or near the apex, with 2 broad silvery bands of 8 - 12 stomatic lines beneath.
Flower DescriptionMonoecious.
Fruit DescriptionOvoid or cylindrical cones, fruit is purple when young and gradually becomes a tan-brown towards maturity; 3.5 - 6 cm in size.
Colour DescriptionFoliage is shiny dark green.
Texture DescriptionMedium.

Photographs