| General Description | Green leaves with red berries, needs both male and female parents to produce fruit, red berries present all winter long.
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| ID Characteristic | Deciduous, alternate leaves, red fruit may be present, multi-stemmed suckering habit, usually forming a clump.
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| Shape | Oval. |
| Propagation | Early spring cuttings are best, although seed is another, but unreliable option. |
| Cultivation | Grows good in moist soils, in full sun to partial shade.
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| Pests | Tar spot, leaf spot, and powdery mildew.
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| Notable Specimens | The A.M. (Mac) Cuddy Garden, Strathroy, Ontario. |
| Habitat | Swamps and marshes, central USA and parts of Canada. |
| Bark/Stem Description | Dark grey to dark brown, has a twist to it. |
| Flower/Leaf Bud Description | Small 1.5 mm long, brown in colour, buds are smaller than leaf scar.
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| Leaf Description | Leaves are ovate, usually 4–6 cm long, dull dark green and somewhat pubescent. |
| Flower Description | Male – in clusters of 6 or more in axils; Females - less, single or in groups of three; flowers can be yellow, white/cream, and green/brown, not all that showy.
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| Fruit Description | Ilex is dioecious with the drupe formation needing a nearby male plant. Lustrous, orange-red fruit that persist through the winter; 8 mm in size. |
| Colour Description | Flowers are yellow, white–cream, green–brown, the bark can be dark grey to brown, bright red berries in autumn.
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| Texture Description | Medium in summer and winter.
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