Quercus bicolor (Swamp White Oak)


Michael's Opinion

It can adapt to most soils it is planted in. It has interesting bark but the autumn foliage is not desirable. This tree looks interesting when the wind lifts the leaves because underneath the leaf is white-green where as the top is dark green, hence the name Q. bicolour.

Botanical Information

FamilyFagaceae
GenusQuercus
Speciesbicolor
CategoryWoody
TypeTree (deciduous)
References
OriginFound from Quebec to Georgia, west to Michigan and Arkansas. Introduced into cultivation in the 1800s.
Pronunciation

Details

USDA Hardiness Zone4 - 8
USDA Hardiness Ref.
Canadian Hardiness Zone2a - 8a
Canada Hardiness Ref.
RHS Hardiness ZoneH7 - H5
RHS Hardiness Ref.
Temperature (°C)(-32) - (-7)
Temperature (°F)(-25) - 20
Height15-40 m
Spread10-15 m
GrowthSlow
Flowering PeriodMay

Description and Growing Information

General DescriptionKnown as a large, rounded shade tree. Also known for its bicoloured leaves in the breeze, whitish undersides, bark and winter texture. Adapts to wet or dry soil. This species has been placed on the IUCN Red List as least concern.
ID CharacteristicLeaves have rounded lobes. This tree has dark brown, flaky bark. The acorns are also found in pairs. A rather coarse looking oak.
LandscapeUsed often as a shade tree in parks and residential areas. Also used to fill large areas. This is a specimen tree. However, since it is prone to gall and leaf miner problems, the foliage always looks a little rough.
PropagationBy seed. Clonal propagation from cuttings is also common.
CultivationGrows best in part shade to full sun. Likes swampy situations. Requires acidic soil. It is also a drought tolerant plant.
PestsBorers oak slug, caterpillars, gypsy moth, cankers, and powdery mildew.
Notable SpecimensMt. Airy, Cincinnati, Ohio with the United States. National Champion at Clearwater Nature Centre, Clinton, Maryland.
HabitatFound in swampy areas with moist soil, often along banks and streams.
Bark/Stem DescriptionThe bark is dark brown with yellow-brown stems, flaky and with a ridged texture.
Flower/Leaf Bud DescriptionBroadly ovate, light brown often clustered together, 3-6 mm long. Coated with down above the middle.
Leaf DescriptionDark green, simple, obovate leaves with rounded lobes. White-green underneath leaf. Alternate leaf arrangement, leaves 8–18 cm long.
Flower DescriptionA small pendulous yellow-brown flower that blooms in May.
Fruit DescriptionA medium sized acorn about 2.5 cm long that is produced in one season. Grows either single or in pairs.
Colour DescriptionDark green summer foliage. Yellow-brown to red-purple and sometimes even golden-brown in autumn. Not outstanding autumn colour and being rather drab.
Texture DescriptionMedium texture with foliage and bold texture without foliage. The summer canopy is thick and dense.

Photographs