| Propagation | Seed, pre-soak for 3 hours in tepid water and sow February/March in a cold frame. Germinates in 1 - 3 months at 15°C. When large prick seedlings out into individual pots and grow in light shade in a greenhouse for first winter, planting in spring or early summer.
Division, can be carried out at anytime of the year. Simply dig up roots, harvest tubers and replant. |
| Cultivation | Full sun and partial-shade. Well-drained, sandy and loamy soils with acidic, alkaline and neutral pH. Moist soils. |
| Notable Specimens | Joany's Woods, West Williams, Middlesex County, Ontario, Canada. |
| Habitat | Low damp, bottomland, riparian woods and thickets. |
| Leaf Description | Compound (made up of 2 or more leaflets) and alternate with 1 leaf per node along the stem. The edges of the leaf blade are entire with no teeth or lobes. |
| Flower Description | The flower is bilaterally symmetrical. 4 - 5 petals, sepals or tepals in the flower. |
| Fruit Description | The fruit is dry and splits open when ripe. The length of the fruit is 60 - 120 mm. |
| Colour Description | The flowers are a bluish-purple, greenish-brown and pinkish-red. |
