| Propagation | Propagate through division of clumps, although clumps should be left undisturbed for at least 3 years in order to allow the leaves to reach maturity. Plant in spring or (in areas with milder winters) autumn, allowing the roots to soak overnight in a weak solution of liquid fertilizer first. |
| Cultivation | Grow in partial or full shade in any fertile soil that has been enriched with well-rotted organic manure. A pH of 6-7 is preferred, and a continuous supply of moisture is critical for optimum performance. |
| Pests | Snails and slugs are the primary pests, and rabbits and deer may be a problem as well. |
| Notable Specimens | Royal Botanical Gardens, Burlington, Ontario, Canada. |
| Habitat | Horticultural origin. |
