| Propagation | Propagate by seed sown in pots in a cold frame or by division. |
| Cultivation | Organically rich, moist, well-drained soil with full sun exposure to partial shade. Can tolerance many soil types. |
| Pests | Aphids, leaf-mining flies, sawflies and powdery mildews.
With downy mildew plants will be deformed in spring from any systemic infection, in summer new infections will arise as yellow patches on the leaves, followed by brownish-red marks on the stems and deformed leaves. There is no chemical available. Picking off the diseased leaves may be effective however some plants may need to be destroyed (burning is best). |
| Notable Specimens | The A.M. Cuddy Gardens, Strathroy, Ontario, Canada. |
| Habitat | Rocky woods and ledges. |
| Leaf Description | Dark-green basal-shaped that grow on erect stems. |
| Flower Description | Yellow petals enclosed by red sepals with a stack of yellow stamens inside. |
